- Diễn tả số lượng
| Meaning | + countable N | + uncountable N |
| Rất nhiều | A large number of | A good/ great deal/ amount of |
| Nhiều | Quite a few
A number of A lot of/ lots of Many |
Quite a little
A lot of/ lots of Much
|
| Một vài, một ít (đủ để làm gì) | A few
Some |
A little
Few |
| Rất ít, hầu như không | (very) few | (very) little |
- Tên của một nhóm
- Động vật
- – a pack of dogs/wolves
- – a school of fish
- – a flock/flight of birds
- – a flock of sheep/goats
- – a swarm of insects/bees
- – a herd of cattle/deer/elephants/pigs
- – a pride of lions
- – a cloud of flies
- Người
- – a group of ….
- – a gang of thieves
- – a company of actors
- Vật
- – A fleets of ships
- – A bunch of keys/bananas/flowers/grapes
- – A flight of aeroplanes/steps
- – A constellation of stars
- Những từ kết thúc bằng –ic và –ical
- Nghĩa không khác nhau
- – Geographic(al)
- – Dynamic(al)
- – Fanatic(al)
- – Poetic(al)
- – Strategic(al)
- – Periodic(al)
- – Cynic(al)
- – Arthmetic(al)
- – Geometric(al)
- – Symmetric(al)
- Nghĩa khác nhau
- Nghĩa không khác nhau
- Động vật
| classic | : best quality, elegant | classical | : belongs to the past |
| economic | : connected with economy | economical | : using no more money than necessary, frugal |
| electric | : use/produce electricity | electrical | : connected with electricity |
| historic | : important | historical | : connected with the past |
- Affect – effect
| N | V | |||||||
| Affect | [‘æfekt]
emotion which may influence behavior (used in psychology only) |
to make a difference to or influence something Your opinion will not affect my decision. |
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| Effect | [i’fekt]
a result or a consequence Does TV have a effect on the bahaviors of young children? |
[i’fekt]
to achieve or produce They hope to effect a reconciliation. |
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- Most – almost – mostly
- Khác nhau về nghĩa
| Adv | Determiner | Pronoun | |
| Most | – To the greatest degree: nhất
What did you enjoy (the) most? – Very, extremely, completely: rất, cực kì It was most kind of you to meet me. |
– The largest in number or amount: nhiều nhất
He got (the) most votes. – More than half of somebody/ something; almost all of somebody/ something: hầu hết I like most vegatable. |
– Largest in number or amount.
Who ate the most? – More than half of somebody/ something; almost all of somebody/ something. Most of the people I had invited turned up.
|
| Almost | Not quite (nearly): gần như (sắp đến mức tuyệt đối)
I like almost all of them. The story is almost certainly false. They’ll eat almost anything. Their house is almost opposite ours. |
||
| Mostly | Mainly, generally: thường, hầu như, gần như (phần lớn)
His book is mostly useless. We’re mostly out on Sunday. |
- Khác nhau về cấu trúc
- – Most + V/ / Adj/ (of the) pluN/ of pronouns
- – Mostly + adj
- – Almost + V/ Adj/ certain words (any, anything, anyone, no, nobody, nothing, all, every, everybody)
- Assure – ensure – insure – reassure
- – Assure:
- cam đoan, khẳng định chắc chắn. She’s perfectly safe. I can assure you.
- đảm bảo. Victory would assure a place in the finals.
- = ensure (BrE)/ insure (AmE)/ guarantee
- – Insure against/for something: mua bảo hiểm
- – Reassure somebody that… / about something: trấn an
- – Assure:
- Worthless – valueless – priceless – valuable – invaluable
Thứ tự giá trị giảm dần:
Priceless (vô giá) invaluable (rất có giá trị, rất có ích) > valuable (có giá trị) > valueless = worthless (vô giá trị)
- Each – Every
| Position | Followed by… | Ex | |||
| Before a singN | After a pluN/pro | + sing V | + plu V | ||
| Each | ü | ü | Each student has been given his ỏ her own email address. | ||
| ü | ü | They each have their own email address | |||
| Every | ü | ü | Every student is given an email address | ||
Each (one) of
+ plu N/pro + sing V
Every one of
- Some certain pairs of words:
| Accept (v): chấp nhận | Except (prep): ngoại trừ (= apart from) |
| All together: cùng nhau
Let’s sing all together |
Altogether: tổng cộng
We have invited 50 people altogether |
| Disinterested (adj): khách quan | Uninterested (adj): không hứng thú. >< interested |
| Each other: used with 2 people/ things | One another: used with 3 |
| Sensible (adj): nhạy bén, sắc sảo | Sensitive (adj): nhạy cảm |
| Childlike (adj): giống trẻ con | Childish (adj): trẻ con |
| Lie (intransitive V):
– Nằm (lie – lay – lain) – Nói dối (lie – lied – lied) |
Lay (transitive V):
– Đặt (lay – laid – laid) |
| Principle (n) a rule, a law that something is based on (nguyên tắc)
ð in principle (idm): – Về nguyên tắc, về nguyên lí – Nói chung = in general |
Principal
– (n): hiệu trưởng – (adj): chính, quan trọng (= important, main) |
| Unable (adj) + to V: không đủ khả năng, không thể làm gì | Disable (adj): khuyết tật (handicapped) |
| Deadly
– (adv): vô cùng, cực kì (= extremely) hoàn toàn (=completely) – (adj): gây chết người (= lethal)
|
Deathly (adv/adj): giống như chết, có liên quan đến cái chết |
| Various (adj): đa dạng, phong phú (diverse) | Variable (adj): có thể thay đổi (fluctuating) >< invariable |
| Effective (adj): có tác dụng, giải quyết được vấn đề >< ineffective | Efficient (adj): có hiệu quả, không lãng phí thời gian, năng lượng >< inefficient |
| Lend (v): cho mượn
Could you lend me some money? |
Borrow (v): mượn
Can I borrow your pen? |
| Stationary (adj): tĩnh, không di chuyển | Stationery (n): văn phòng phẩm |
| Chance (n)
– Khả năng xảy ra (a possibility of something happening) – Cơ hội – Sự tình cờ |
Opportunity (n) = chance: cơ hội |
